Video RAM: What’s the difference between the types available today?

所有图形卡都需要GPU和VRAM正常运行。而GPU（Graphics.P狂欢UNIT）实际处理数据在监视器上输出图像，从VRAM的芯片存储和访问它正在处理和提供的数据（VideoRandom.Access.Memory) surrounding it.

Outputting high-resolution graphics at a quick rate requires both a beefy GPU and a large quantity of high-bandwidth VRAM working in tandem. For most of the past decade, VRAM design was fairly stagnant, and focused on using more power to achieve greater VRAM clock speeds.

But the power consumption of that process was beginning to impinge on the power needed by newer GPU designs. In addition to possibly bottlenecking GPU improvements, the standard sort of VRAM (which is known as GDDR5) was also determining (and growing) the form factor (i.e. the actual size) of graphics cards.

Chips of GDDR5 VRAM have to be attached directly to the card in a single layer, which means that adding more VRAM involves spreading out horizontally on the graphics card. And moving beyond a tight circle of VRAM around the GPU means increasing the travel distance for the transfer process as well.

考虑到这些问题，新形式的VRAM开始开发，例如HBM和GDDR5X，终于在过去几年中浮出水面。这些如下所述，尽可能简单。

HBM与GDDR5：

如果你想要这两个品种的vram之间的差异，请在两个简单的句子中总结，在这里，他们是：

GDDR5（S.）G内存D盎司DataR吃了类型5）一直是十年的较好部分的行业标准形式的VRAM，并且能够以牺牲卡和功耗为代价实现高时钟速度。

HBM（HighB和宽度MEmory）是一种新的VRAM，可以堆放电源，可以堆叠以增加内存，同时占用较少的空间，并具有宽的总线，以允许较低的时钟速度更高的带宽。

这是每个包装（一堆HBM与GDDR5的芯片）比较：[一世]

	HBM（1叠）	GDDR5（1芯片）
更高的带宽	✓ (~100 GB/s)	– （〜28 GB / s）
较小的形状因子	✓ (Stackable, Integrated)	– (Single-layer)
Higher Clock Speed	– （〜1 GB / s）	✓ （〜7 GB / s）
Lower Voltage	✓ （〜1.3 v）	– (~1.5 Volts)
货源充足	– （新，需要重新设计卡）	✓ (Old, Cards Designed Alongside)
更便宜	– （新，需要重新设计卡）	✓ (Old, Cards Designed Alongside)

Again, don’t be fooled by the✓that GDDR5 received there for having a higher clock speed; HBM, with its wide bus, still boasts a higher overall bandwidth per Watt (according to AMD, over three times as much bandwidth per Watt). The lower clock speed is related to how HBM attains its energy savings.

这里的想法是GDDR5，具有窄通道，不断推动到更高且较高的时钟速度，以实现当前预期的VRAM的性能。这是从电源透视的昂贵。另一方面，HBM以宽阔的公共汽车在较低的速率下移动。

通过GPU处理能力的巨大收益以及对高分辨率游戏的增加的消费者胃口（更高的分辨率意味着更明显的细节，这意味着更多的数据，这需要更高容量和更高速度的VRAM，最重要的是从顶端开始并下降的卡片将重新设计，以便在将来的HBM（如已经开发的HBM2或其他方式）的版本。但是，去年，距离其他新标准的vram来说，这是一个叫做这一问题。

GDDR5 vs. GDDR5X:

您可能在过去一年中看到了一些新闻，甚至是一种名为GDDR5X的vRAM形式，并究竟想知道这可能是什么。对于初学者，这是一个简单的句子摘要，如用于HBM和GDDR5上面的：

GDDR5x（S.G内存D盎司DataR吃Type5倍) is a new version of GDDR5, which has the same low- and high-speed modes at which GDDR5 operates, but also an additional third tier of even higher speed with reportedly twice the data rate of high-speed GDDR5.

这是每个包（GDDR5x的一个芯片与GDDR5的一个芯片）比较：[ii]

	GDDR5X (1 chip)	GDDR5（1芯片）
更高的带宽	✓ (~56 GB/s)	– （〜28 GB / s）
较小的形状因子	领带 (Single-layer)	领带 (Single-layer)
Higher Clock Speed	✓ （〜14 gb / s）	– （〜7 GB / s）
Lower Voltage	✓ (~1.35 Volts)	– (~1.5 Volts)
货源充足	– (New, Only in High-end Cards)	✓ (Old, Cards Designed Alongside)
更便宜	– (New, Only in High-end Cards)	✓ (Old, Cards Designed Alongside)

So, you might be wondering, if a chip of GDDR5X is still operating at just around 60% of the overall bandwidth of a stack of HBM while not even quite making the same power savings or space savings, then why is it a big deal? Isn’t it still just immediately made obsolete by HBM? Well, the answer is no, for two reasons.

首先要注意的是，这不是一个完美的比较。毕竟，一个芯片只是一个芯片，而堆栈具有保持多个芯片等同物的优点。仅仅因为他们在卡上占用了相同的房地产，这并不意味着它们是相同的内存量。因此，从理论上讲，具有相同vRAM的GDDR5x数组capacity由于一些HBM VRAM阵列将更接近overall graphics card VRAM bandwidth(perhaps just over 10% slower than the HBM system,据Anandtech估计).

And yes, that’s still lower, but there are further advantages to GDDR5X when you consider the development side of things. HBM being an entirely new form of VRAM means that chip developers will need to redesign their products with new memory controllers. GDDR5X has enough similarities to GDDR5 to make it a much easier and less expensive proposition to implement it. For this reason, even if HBM, HBM2, and other HBM-like solutions win out in the long run, GDDR5X is likely to see a wider roll-out than HBM in the short run (and possibly at a lower cost to the consumer).

Which Graphics Cards Use Which VRAM:

既然你听说过VRAM设计中的这些令人兴奋的新发展，你可能会想知道你的卡片内的vram是什么样的vram，或者你可以掌握一下这项新技术的一些。

嗯，暂时，大多数可用的卡片，从低端通过中档和中高端（目前包括每个从我们的最低层到我们的卓越层构建的卡）仍然具有GDDR5vram。今年的普通卡建造，来自the RX 480到the GTX 1060到the GTX 1070，所有功能都具有这种相当标准的高钟速，相对空间低效，相对能量效率低的vram。

NVIDIA’s highest tier of cards, includingGTX 1080和泰坦X.，目前有GDDR5x。它似乎有可能（但不能保证）NVIDIA将在不久的将来继续使用GDDR5和GDDR5X，仅仅因为这是他们目前的趋势，而设计实施较低。

AMD, meanwhile, has rolled out HBM in some of their high-end cards, includingr9 fury x和the Pro Duo。如果您看到未来AMD的较小表单系数卡，请不要感到惊讶。或许使用HBM和相关的创新将是AMD的大道，AMD最终因其在具有可比性的表现而无法使卡片的声誉，而且与NVIDIA相比，热量和功耗更糟糕。

What about GDDR6?

Micron已经戏弄了另一年多的新内存技术：GDDR6。他们目前的计划在2018年或之前的市场上有GDDR6（尽管他们之前的估计较近2020年）。而且，虽然INFO上是稀缺的，但现在他们将提供每位引脚的16 GB / s（意味着每芯片总体带宽的64 GB / s的邻域 - 相比，GDDR5x的56 GB / s相比每堆100 GB / s的HBM）。

GDDR6可能表面开始出现在高-end cards over a year from now?是的。

It’s a GDDR solution, which means—like GDDR5X—it will be less costly for manufacturers to implement than HBM.

这是否意味着你应该在它出现之前搁置您的计划建设？绝对不。

三个原因：（1）在GDDR6所要求的速度下，它仍然显着降低了总体带宽和可能比HBM更低的功率，更不用说HBM2;（2）在GDDR6所要求的速度下，它比GDDR5x更快地小于15％，这不太可能对用户来说是明显的;（3）无法保证，这一新标准将按时间表发布，也不会达到其声称的数据（古老智慧，您应该始终注意：购买前的基准）。

结论：

So, would I say you should pick your card based on its VRAM type? In the current market situation, I would say probably not. Frankly, there just aren’t enough cards out there with HBM or GDDR5X to put together proper apples-to-apples benchmark comparisons. But this information definitely helps to illustrate something that we here at Logical Increments are all about: a well-balanced build is至关重要的。

考虑：高量的VRAM（和在高级执行的VRAM）将在以高分辨率运行的设置中最重要。如果您已经通过遵循我们的指南遵循您的指南，因此您已经平衡了您的构建，那么您就是不是可能最终在您购买4K显示器的情况下（例如the grandiose Dell Ultrasharp 4K 31.5” LCD Monitor) and pair it with a low-end graphics card (likethe respectable yet modest RX 460).

And for those of us who are mid-range builders, don’t despair. As with any new technology in the computer world, what is currently rare and expensive will likely become both commonplace and affordable in the future.

笔记：

[一世]This chart features numbers fromAMD的新闻稿关于HBM的信息图表并指定JEDEC’s standard document concerning HBM。

[ii]This chart features numbers specified byJEDEC关于GDDR5x的标准文件。

---

Daniel Podgorski
是逻辑增量的管理编辑器。beplay软件他也是作者，图形设计师和视频/音频编辑器Gemsbok博客网站和Gemsbok YouTube频道。