When the news broke about these issues, there was understandably a lot of anger in the community. Now that various teams (as well as many of you!) have had time to do more in-depth benchmarks across multiple components, I have been able to take a look at the fallout, after the patches came through and the dust has settled.
那怎么了？
A lot of this problem is down to fundamental CPU design, so I’ll do a little bit to explain the bigger problem before explaining the way the fix works.
之所以如此大的原因是，CPU如何处理数据时，崩溃是从处理信息时处理的。因此，通常CPU可以开始在计算机上的日常操作中几乎可以预测。常用数据通常存储在CPU中的不同级别的缓存中，因此当您不可避免地需要再次使用它时，可以快速访问它。
It often does this for data which is traditionally slow to access, which is also often the more secure information stored on your PC. The problem arose where the exploit was allowing access to what is normally a very secure part of this active memory (meaning whatever the CPU happened to be storing there at the time could be accessed).
As this was an issue with the CPU, which is the heart of any PC, this could have theoretically been any piece of data on your PC. So, as you might imagine, users didn’t want their normally secure passwords, emails, bank details, and so on being at risk.
Now, normally, big security issues like this are not such a big deal on a practical level. Usually they are patched (like the major problems have been now, for the most part) and then we are simply informed after the fact.
Why this blew up was because people jumped the gun announcing these issues on social media, meaning knowledge of the exploit was out in the wild before the patches were ready for release, suddenly making millions of PCs vulnerable.
英特尔对此受到严重影响，因为他们的CPU架构在使用这种访问数据的方法方面非常重。AMD的CPU并没有受到影响，因为它们在其体系结构中有附加层，特别是在此级别访问级别上。ARM有一些处理器也处于危险之中。
Finally, a note on Spectre. This is the one which did impactallCPU，同样，它类似于Meltdown，它可以访问安全内存。但是，与Meltdown不同，您通常需要坐在该部门来利用它。但是，再次对此进行了修补，因为这是安全风险。
But Muh Performance?
Overly simplistic explanations aside,确保安装更新！我在下面分解的一件事是，它受到了影响以及什么水平的影响。因此，让我们开始！
CPU核心性能（合成与现实世界）
所以之一the things that doesn’t show up too well in synthetic benchmarks is the drop-off in performance for real-time access of memory. When looking at CPU performance, most benchmarks put anything newer than a 4th-generation Intel at around a 1-3% performance drop. Some older CPUs, like for those of you still rocking the i5-2500K (god, I miss that build…) have seen very different results here; yet, a lot of this is down to the next (bigger) results from the update: storage speeds.
Overall though, the majority of consumer Intel CPUs have seen a minimal drop, with most being able to be dismissed as within a margin of error. The one thing the synthetics do show us after the patch is the impact to the CPU floating point. As this is a core piece of CPU design and it’s something it usually needs to do all the time, this is something that did often take advantage of the cache for fast utilisation by the CPU for the best compute speeds.
现在，实际上所有这些含义取决于您的用例：
在一台PC上，您将无法看到生产的1-3％的性能下降。这更像是一个企业级问题，在该问题中，您在服务器中拥有多个CPU，如果它们运行多个虚拟环境，则更糟。即使在整个农场的性能下降也只有1％。如果您采用一个普通的大型服务器农场，其中有25,000个CPU内核，那么更新的1％下降将等同于突然有250个内核。因此，对于Google和其他拥有大量设置的公司等公司来说，这是糟糕的时期。
Finally, anything around a 1% difference in results when benchmarking is something you could reasonably argue is within the margin of error. Where it becomes important is if multiple tests of large systems had been done before the update and they were within that margin of error, versus after the patch where it is starting to slide over that margin.
很多人知道您是否真的受到这种影响的影响，这取决于您正在测试和监视系统的经验（如果您是大型服务器管理员）。
您真正需要知道的是，对于像您和我这样的人坐在家用PC上的人，您不会注意到CPU的核心操作性能的任何变化。
Storage
This is where things get interesting (and in some rare cases, unfortunate).
Traditional SATA-based drives have been largely unaffected.这主要是因为它们的速度限制一直是通过SATA端口可用的带宽，而不是CPU可以访问它的速度（尽管您确实从旋转HDD与Instant相比，速度确实有所不同从SSD访问）。
如果您使用M.2驱动器，则情况有所不同是您如何设置系统的方式：
如果你使用它就像一个存储驱动器(如me, as a high-speed drive for my video editing), then you won’t see a difference. However, if the drive is being used as a main OS or program drive, you might be seeing a nasty drop-off.
This is where the big scary 30% drop-off that all the media reported can occur, as it’s down to how the M.2 drives use PCIe lanes with the CPU for ultra-fast access of data. When benchmarking, you’ll see this most obviously in the sequential read results. Again though, not all benchmarks will even show this as it depends exactly what data is stored on the drive and what the benchmark is asking the CPU to access on the drive.
不要误会我的意思，那里有很多令人讨厌的结果：
Like I was saying, though, this is so varied on the use case that you might never, ever see results like this. For comparison, even when I have projects open and I have a million things open on two screens (like while I’m writing this), my own 500GB 960 EVO doesn’t show anything remotely out-of-the-ordinary when it’s under load and I run a benchmark on it:
故事的寓意：不要太担心樱桃挑选的镜头和基准。就像我说的那样，即使我积极使用驱动器，我的我也不比上面发布的结果那么糟糕。
So yes, this can potentially be having a hugely negative impact on the performance of your system, given that you are (A) using an extremely high-speed M.2 SSD, and (B) making particularly heavy use of it in certain operations, including as an OS-and-core-programs drive.If you fall into that category, your frustration would be understandable: the whole point of M.2 drives is that they’re super fast, and—while they’re still faster than drives connected via SATA ports—seeing a 30% drop in performance is not what anyone wants to see.
Gaming and GPU PCIe Utilisation
因此，这是您真正感兴趣的人，说实话！通过M.2驱动器在补丁后的性能水平变化的情况下，使用PCIE车道的另一个大组件是GPU。因此，自然而然地，这让很多游戏玩家担心！
Fore1gn在他的摘要文章中已经给出了一些很好的早期结果但是，随着一周的进行，越来越多的测试已经完成。
Thankfully, gaming performance is essentially unaffected.If anything, most games are showing around 1% difference, which we can all dismiss as being within the margin of error. A lot of this is down to modern game design not being programmed in a way that would have been impacted by the patch. So how your CPU and GPU behave remains the same. So, as Susano would say, “REJOICE!” (shout-out to my FFXIV buddies!)
The thing is here, even if you had the game files installed onto a M.2 drive which had speed that was impacted by how you have things setup, a game doesn’t need the insane transfer rates that a M.2 drive can provide.Likewise, the CPU is only really telling the GPU to do its thing when playing games, so their communication isn’t something that would have been impacted by this at all.
Final Thoughts
对于大多数消费者而言，这无非是我们不必应付的巨大痛苦。经过修补后，大多数人几乎看不到现代消费电脑的变化。有例外，例如比第4代英特尔斯的CPU，对于运行Windows 7和8.1对10的用户而言，对使用Windows 7和10的用户更为明显。
Not only that, I haven’t even touched on the variants of each of these, which is still being worked on across all devices. Those of you using mobile platforms have probably seen notifications to update your iOS or Android software (if you’re running with an official Android partner who still provides updates, that is). Then you have to consider how these have an impact on Apple desktops too.
总而言之，这种“泄漏”并不会更糟。制造商最初都同意在CES上透露这些信息，仅是将所有新闻和制造商都放在一个地方的方便时，并且可以控制。发生的事情是很多错误的信息，误报和许多未知数。
The places where it is starting to be noticed is at the server level, just based purely on the scale of the setups. Like I mentioned above, a 1% difference to a consumer might mean a 1-3fps difference in a game, if that. And certainly, 1-3 FPS is something that could just as easily be due to variants in your system as it’s performing tasks. But if it’s at least that much of a decrease, if not a little more, the impact to large server farms could be devastating. Right now, the lawyers at Intel are already working hard on a number of lawsuits against the company which have already been presented in courts.
尽管这是在软件级别上进行修补的，但要从根本上解决此过程将需要更改CPU架构设计。两家公司还没有走出树林，这具有很长一段时间的回声和效果的所有物品。